Reference:

1. Two's Complement in Python

def twos_comp(val, bits):
    """compute the 2's complement of int value val"""
    if (val & (1 << (bits - 1))) != 0: # if sign bit is set e.g., 8bit: 128-255
        val = val - (1 << bits)        # compute negative value
    return val                         # return positive value as is

#Ex1:
binary_string = '1111' # or whatever... no '0b' prefix
out = twos_comp(int(binary_string,2), len(binary_string))

#Ex2:
hex_string = '0xFFFFFFFF' # or whatever... '0x' prefix doesn't matter
out = twos_comp(int(hex_string,16), 32)